印刷紙張的基礎(chǔ)知識有哪些？

文章作者：華政印務(wù) 發(fā)布時間：2021-08-16 73次

全紙張
Full paper
平板紙出廠時被裁切成一定的尺寸，供大幅面單張紙印刷機(jī)使用，這叫「全張」，全張也可被印刷廠進(jìn)一步分切成較小的幅面用于各種型號的單張紙印刷機(jī)。
Flat paper is cut to a certain size when leaving the factory for use by large format sheet fed printers, which is called "full sheet". The full sheet can also be further cut into smaller format by the printing factory for various types of sheet fed printers.
全張的面積是整個造紙業(yè)和印刷業(yè)一致采用的特定規(guī)格。在我國，使用多的是這幾種規(guī)格，它們都有約定俗成的名稱：
The area of the full sheet is a specific specification adopted by the whole paper industry and printing industry. In China, these specifications are used most, and they all have conventional names:
紙張開本
Paper format
按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定生產(chǎn)的紙張稱作全開紙，把一張全開紙裁切成面積相等的若干小張，叫多少開數(shù)。如全張紙被分為兩半，每一半稱為「對開」，全張紙被分成 4 份，每一份稱為「4開」。如我們熟悉的「16開」就是全開紙分成了16份。
The paper produced according to the national standards is called full open paper. Cut a full open paper into several small sheets with equal area, which is called the number of openings. If the whole sheet of paper is divided into two parts, each half is called "open", and the whole sheet of paper is divided into four parts, each part is called "4 open". As we are familiar with "16 open" is that the full open paper is divided into 16 parts.
紙張常用的印刷尺寸：（單位：mm）
Common printing size of paper: (unit: mm)
正度（未裁切全張 787X1092）
Positive (uncut full sheet 787x1092)
正對開 530X760 正 4 開
Forward facing 530x760 forward 4 open
正 8 開 260X380 正 16 開
Positive 8 open 260x380 positive 16 open
正 32 開 130X190 正 64 開
Positive 32 open 130x190 positive 64 open
濟(jì)南書刊雜志印刷

大度（未裁切全張 889X1194）
Generous (uncut full sheet 889x1194)
大對開 580X860 大 4 開
Large split 580x860 large 4-way
大 8 開 285X420 大 16 開
Large 8 open 285x420 large 16 open
大 32 開 140X210 大 64 開
Large 32 open 140x210 large 64 open
紙的定量
Quantitative of paper
紙張「定量」即每紙的重量，以克為單位。定量的真正意圖并不是給紙張稱重，而是反映紙張的厚度。定量愈高，紙張愈厚。
Paper "ration" is the weight of paper per square meter, in grams. The real intention of quantification is not to weigh the paper, but to reflect the thickness of the paper. The higher the weight, the thicker the paper.
比如某種銅版紙每的重量是 157 克，它就被稱為「157 克銅版紙」。
For example, a kind of coated paper weighs 157 grams per square meter, which is called "157 grams of coated paper".
常用紙張類型
Common paper types
銅版紙
art paper
銅版紙是彩色印刷常用的紙張，表面光滑、潔白度高、吸墨著墨性能好，主要用于畫冊、書刊、DM、海報等。
Coated paper is the most commonly used paper for color printing. It has smooth surface, high whiteness and good ink absorption and inking performance. It is mainly used for picture books, books, DM, posters, etc.
銅版紙還分有光和無光兩種，俗稱「光銅」和「啞粉」。光銅印刷顏色鮮艷，色彩還原性好，啞粉印刷顏色厚重，顯得更高檔。常用的定量有 128 克、157 克、200 克、250 克、300克。
Coated paper is also divided into light and matte, commonly known as "light copper" and "dumb powder". The color of light copper printing is bright, the color reduction is good, and the color of dumb powder printing is thick, which is more high-grade. The commonly used quantities are 128 g, 157 g, 200 g, 250 g and 300 G.
膠版紙
Offset paper
膠版紙是消耗量的印刷用紙，彩色印刷效果比銅版紙差一些，多用于對顏色要求不高的黑白書刊、教科書等。紙張較薄，定量一般在 60 克 120 克之間。
Offset paper is the most consumed printing paper. The color printing effect is worse than coated paper. It is mostly used in black-and-white books and textbooks with low color requirements. The paper is thin, and the weight is generally between 60g and 120g.
白卡紙
White cardboard
韌性與硬度高，不易斷裂，很像厚的銅版紙，但區(qū)別是白卡紙的表面沒有無機(jī)涂料，吸墨性比銅版紙強(qiáng)，但印刷的顏色不是那么鮮艷。紙張較厚，常用定量有 200 克、220 克、250 克、270 克、300 克、400 克。常用于名片、請柬、明信片、包裝等。
It has high toughness and hardness and is not easy to break. It is very similar to thick coated paper, but the difference is that there is no inorganic coating on the surface of white cardboard, which has stronger ink absorption than coated paper, but the printing color is not so bright. The paper is thick, and the commonly used quantities are 200g, 220g, 250g, 270g, 300g and 400g. Commonly used in business cards, invitations, postcards, packaging, etc.
牛皮紙
Kraft paper
紙面呈黃褐色，質(zhì)地堅韌，但顏色不勻，表面粗糙（在某些情況下這恰恰是所需要的效果）。廣泛應(yīng)用于食品包裝、檔案袋、信封等，也用來做體現(xiàn)古樸文化的書籍封面和宣傳單。
The paper is yellowish brown and tough, but the color is uneven and the surface is rough (in some cases, this is exactly the desired effect). It is widely used in food packaging, file bags, envelopes, etc. it is also used as book covers and leaflets reflecting ancient and simple culture.
硫酸紙
Sulfuric acid paper
原紙經(jīng)硫酸處理后變得半透明，印刷時可以簡約地印一些文字或圖案。它常用于高檔書籍、畫冊的襯紙，能夠透過它看見扉頁上的圖文。定量有 75 克、60 克、45 克。
The base paper becomes translucent after sulfuric acid treatment. When printing, some words or patterns can be printed simply. It is often used as the backing paper of high-grade books and picture albums, and can see the pictures and texts on the title page through it. The ration is 75 g, 60 g and 45 G.
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